Energy Crops Mini-Review

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Technical Brochures

2: Manure Digestion in a Poultry Farm in the Netherlands

The anaerobic digestion system on a poultry farm reduces the pollution from chicken manure and reduces energy consumption. The manure is digested in a two-stage process, yielding biogas - which replaces the use of natural gas in the farm's cogeneration plant. The pay-back period of the digester is about 5.9 years. (Printed 1994)

3: Wood Waste Combustion in a Greenhouse in the Netherlands

The installation is no longer in operation and the company is dispossessed / expropriated. This brochire has been deleted

4: Anaerobic Digestion of Piggery Wastes in Victoria, Australia

An anaerobic digestion system on a pig farm reduces the huge amount of piggery waste and associated odour problems, produces energy in the form of electricity and heat, and yields a useful fertiliser by-product. The pay-back period of the digester is about 5-6 years. (Printed 1994)

17: Poultry Litter Power Station in the United Kingdom

Poultry litter has presented a waste disposal problem to the poultry industry in many parts of the United Kingdom. The plant at Eye is a small to medium scale power station, fired using poultry litter, and generates 12.7 MW of electricity which is supplied, through the local utility, to the National Grid. The poultry litter comes from large climate-controlled buildings (broiler houses) where birds, reared for meat production, are allowed to roam freely. (Printed 1995)

43: A Centralised Biogas Plant Using Farm Slurry, Denmark

At the Ribe Biogas Plant in Denmark, surplus manure collected from several farms is combined with other organic waste and digested to produce biogas for a combined heat and power station. The power station supplies district heating to part of the city of Ribe. The biogas plant handles about 400 tonnes of farm waste daily, producing 11,000-12,000 m3 of biogas. After a small loss in its first year of operation (1991), the plant's profits have been steadily increasing. (Printed 1996)

60: Anaerobic Digestion of Farm Waste in the UK

The introduction of an anaerobic digestion system, incorporating a combined heat and power unit, has provided a UK agricultural college's farm with a clean, simple, easy-to-use method of manure treatment. The system has great potential for cutting costs and even generating profit. It produces valuable electricity and heat, and the end products of the digester - liquid slurry and fibre - provide fertiliser and compost which can be sold to garden centres and other customers. (Printed 1997)

112: Biogas Combined Heat and Power in Sweden

In this project, 50–60 apartment blocks are supplied with both electricity and heat from a CHP plant which processes about 30,000 tonnes/year of manure and around 5,000 tonnes/year of organic waste from industry. Since starting operation, the biogas plant has provided 3,000–4,000 m3/day of gas, producing 450 kW of electricity and 650 kW of heat.

118: Co-digestion of Manure with Industrial and Household Waste

The Kristianstad biogas plant is the first in Sweden to co-digest municipal solid waste with manure and other organic biomass to produce energy and fertiliser. In 1998, the plant handled over 70,000 tonnes of waste and produced biogas equivalent to 20,000 MWh. This project offers a sustainable solution to waste disposal problems encountered in many countries. (Printed 2000)

134: Batch Anaerobic Digestion of Green Waste in a BIOCEL Converter

A Dutch treatment plant, processing vegetable, garden and fruit waste into compost, also produces biogas. The plant uses anaerobic digestion to process 35,000 tonnes/year of waste, producing 2,200,000 m3/year of biogas. Co-generation plant uses the biogas to produce 3,000 MWh/year of electricity, over half of which is exported. (Printed 2000)

150: Effective Treatment and Recycling of Livestock Waste

Yagi bio-ecology Center (Yagi BEC), in an agricultural area in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan, generates electricity in a CHP plant using biogas produced by the anaerobic digestion of agricultural waste. Manure from 1,500 pigs and 650 cattle, together with waste from soy bean curd production, provides enough biogas to generate 2,400 kWh/day, a large proportion of which is used in the plant itself. Yagi BEC also earns revenue for treating livestock waste. (Printed March 2001)

156: Small-scale Biomass Heating Plant with Low Emissions

Dust emissions from biomass plants often pose environmental problems. Large biomass-fired direct district heating installations are usually fitted with efficient exhaust gas cleaning systems, but these are often too expensive for smaller plants. In this project, at Höör in Sweden, the problem has been solved using an innovative 'wet electrostatic precipitator'. This combines exhaust cleaning with heat recovery from condensation, giving both lower emissions and higher efficiency. (Printed March 2001)

Newsletter Articles

1/93 Poultry Litter as a Fuel in the UK
1/94 Biogas Production May Solve Several Problems - Denmark
4/94 Production of Biogas from Solid Manure - Switzerland
4/94 Anaerobic Digestion of Livestock Manures in the USA
2/95 Latest Technology for Lieksa Small-scale Power Plant - Finland
3/95 Ethanol Production from Timber in Norway
3/95 Wood Pellets Heat Up Northern Arkansas - USA
4/95 Integrated Wood Harvesting - the MASSAHAKE Method - Finland
1/96 Cogeneration Using Coal and Biomass - Denmark
2/96 Tree-processing Using a Chain System in Finland
1/97 Biomass Power Plant at Forssa, Finland
1/97 Straw-fired Biomass Plants in Denmark
2/98 Anaerobic Digestion and Opportunities for International Technology Transfer -also available in pdf
3/98 Composting versus digestion of biowaste - also available in pdf
3/99 Energy from waste and biomass - also as pdf format
4/99 The power of organic wastes - also in pdf format
4/99 The potential for biogas in Sweden - also in pdf format
1/01 New plant shows the potential of biogas
2/01 Wood pellets offer a competitive energy option in Sweden
2/01 Energy crops in the Netherlands
2/01 The new energy-efficient Dåva CHP Plant, Sweden

Mini-Review of Energy Crops and Crop Residues (1998)

The Energy Crops Mini-Review, which was held in Oxford during 1995 and updated during 1997, was led by Dr Caroline Foster from ETSU (UK). The review covered the biomass energy from crops and crop residues, including woody crops, herbaceous energy crops, commodity crops (such as maize, cereals, rape, soy bean, etc), forest residues and crop residues. Contributions from eleven countries have been compiled to identify and compare national policies, barriers to the deployment of biomass energy, environmental considerations and current market enhancement mechanisims. Part of the study is dedicated to describing the different biomass resources and the conversion mechanisms used. Some case studies of recent projects are included in the report.

The final report on the study is available. To obtain a copy, readers in CADDET member countries should contact their National Teams (there may be a charge). For readers from non-member countries, copies are available from the CADDET Centre. at a cost of £25 each (where £ is the UK pound).

Last updated 16 July, 2001

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